명사격변화와 동사활용 예시

제 10 장 명사격변화와 동사활용 예시

 

1. 명사의 격변화 (불 규칙위주)

[ 명사의 격변화 목록 ]

1) 'a'

udaka( . water), āsya( . a mouth), danta( . a tooth), nirjara( . a god), pāda( . a foot), māṁsa( . flesh), māsa( .a month), yūṣa( . soup), hṛdaya( . heart)

2) 'ā'

viśvapā( . the protector of the world), hāhā( . the name of Gandharva),

nāsikā( . a nose), jarā( . old age), niśā( .night), pṛtanā( . army)

3) 'i'

pati( . a master), sakhi( . a friend), akṣi( . an eye), asthi( . a bone)

4) 'ī'

grāmaṇī( . the leader of a village), papī( . the sun), pradhī( . talented), sudhī( . wise), dhī( . intellect), śrī( . wealth), strī( . a woman)

5) 'u'

kroṣṭu( . a jackal), sānu( . a summit)

6) 'ū'

svayaṁbhū( . selfexistent), varṣābhū( . a frog)

 

[기존의 목록들]

deva( . a god) rūpa( . appearance, form) sā( . a dog), kaññā( . a virgin) kapi( . monkey) vāri( . water), ratti( . night) daṇḍī( . mendicant) nadī( . river), bhikkhu( . monk) cakkhu( . the eye) dhenu( . a cow), sayambhū( . the buddha) vadhū( . a widow) go( . a bull; a cow)

sakhā( . a friend) - 모음으로 끝나는 명사 가운데 불규칙 용례로 하나 보인 것.

attā( . the soul) as basic form < 'attan' as stem

brahmā( . Brahma) as basic form < 'brahman' as stem

rājā( . a king) as basic form < 'rājan' as stem

satthā( . the teacher) as basic form < 'satthar' as stem

pitā( . father) as basic form < 'pitar' as stem

mātā( . mother) as basic form < 'mātar' as stem

mano( . the mind) as basic form < 'manas' as stem

āyu( . life) as basic form < 'āyus' as stem

bhavaṁ( . Sir.) as basic form < 'bhavat/bhavant' as stem

arahaṁ( . saint) as basic form < 'arahat/arahant' as stem

 

[형용사 목록들]

bāla( .) bhūri( .) esī( .) garu( .) viññū( .) mahā( .) dhīmā( .) guṇavā( .)

 

[00]

sakhā( . a friend) < Ⓢ.sakhi( . a friend)

      . sg. / pl.

nom. sakhā / sakhāyo, sakhāno, sakhino, sakhā

acc. sakhānaṁ, sakhaṁ, sakhāraṁ / sakhī, sakhāyo, sakhāno, sakhino

ins. sakhinā / sakhārehi, sakhārebhi, sakhehi, sakhebhi

dat. sakhino, sakhissa / sakhārānaṁ, sakhīnaṁ, sakhānaṁ

abl. sakhinā, sakhāra, sakharasmā/ sakhārehi, sakhārebhi, sakhehi, sakhebhi

gen. sakhino, sakhissa / sakhārānaṁ, sakhīnaṁ, sakhānaṁ

loc. sakhārasmiṁ, sakhārimhi / sakhāresu, skhesu

voc. sakha, sakhā, sakhi, sakhī, sakhe / sakhāyo, sakhāno, sakhino, sakhā

 

[00]

pumā( . a man) < puman( . a man) > Ⓢ.puṁs( . a man)

      . sg. / pl.

nom. pumā / pumāno, pumā

acc. pumānaṁ, pumaṁ / pumāno, pume

ins. pumānā, pumunā, pumena / pumānehi, pumānebhi, pumehi, pumebhi

dat. pumuno, pumassa / pumānaṁ

abl. pumunā, pumānā, pumā, pumasmā, pumamhā / pumānehi, pumānebhi, pumehi, pumebhi

gen. pumuno, pumassa / pumānaṁ

loc. pumāne, pume, pumasmiṁ, pumamhi / pumānesu, pumāsu, pumesu

voc. pumaṁ, puma / pumāno, pumā

 

2. 동사의 활용 (불규칙 위주)

[ 명사의 격변화 목록 ]

1) 'a'

udaka( . water), āsya( . a mouth), danta( . a tooth), nirjara( . a god), pāda( . a foot), māṁsa( . flesh), māsa( .a month), yūṣa( . soup), hṛdaya( . heart)

2) 'ā'

viśvapā( . the protector of the world), hāhā( . the name of Gandharva), nāsikā( . a nose), jarā( . old age), niśā( .night), pṛtanā( . army)

 

[0-0] √pac(1. to cook)

√pac . .

         sg. pl. sg. pl.

현재시제(pres.)

Ⅰ인칭. pacāmi pacāma pace pacāmhe

Ⅱ인칭. pacasi pacatha pacase pacavhe

Ⅲ인칭. pacati pacanti pacate pacare, pacante

과거시제(impf.)

Ⅰ. apaca, apacaṁ apacamhā, apacamha apaciṁ apacāmhase, -cam-

Ⅱ. apaco apacattha apacase apacavhaṁ

Ⅲ. apaca apacu apacattha apacatthuṁ

명 령 법(imp.)

Ⅰ. pacāmi pacāma pace pacāmāse

Ⅱ. pacāhi, paca pacatha pacassu pacavho

Ⅲ. pacatu pacantu pacataṁ pacantaṁ

원 망 법(pot.)

Ⅰ. paceyyāmi, pace paceyyāma paceyyaṁ paceyyāmhe

Ⅱ. pacceyyāsi, pace paceyyātha pacetho paceyyavho

Ⅲ. paceyya, pace paceyyuṁ pacetha paceraṁ

어간아오리스트시제(baor.)

Ⅰ. apaciṁ apacimhā apaca apacimhe

Ⅱ. apaci apacittha apacise apacivhaṁ

Ⅲ. apaci, apacī apacuṁ, apaciṁsu apacā, apacū apacuṁ, apaciṁsu

완료시제(perf.)

Ⅰ. papaca papacimha papaci papacimhe

Ⅱ. papace papacittha papacittho papacivho

Ⅲ. papaca papacu papacittha papacire

미래시제(fut.)

Ⅰ. pacissāmi pacissāma pacissaṁ pacissāmhe

Ⅱ. pacissasi pacissatha pacissase pacissavhe

Ⅲ. pacissati pacissanti pacissate pacissante

조건법(cond.)

Ⅰ. apacissaṁ apacissamhā apacissaṁ apacissāmhase

Ⅱ. apacisse apacissatha apacissase apacissavhe

Ⅲ. apacissā apacissaṁsu apacissatha apacissiṁsu

 

[0-0] √cur(7. to steal)

√pac .(coraya) .(core)

    sg. pl. sg. pl.

현재시제(pres.)

Ⅰ. corayāmi corayāma coremi corema

Ⅱ. corayasi corayatha coresi coretha

Ⅲ. corayati corayanti coreti corenti

과거시제(impf.)

Ⅰ. acoraya, acorayaṁ acorayamhā, -amha - -

Ⅱ. acorayo acorayattha - -

Ⅲ. acoraya acorayu - -

명 령 법(imp.)

Ⅰ. corayāmi corayāma coremi corema

Ⅱ. corayāhi corayatha corehi coretha

Ⅲ. corayatu corayantu coretu corentu

원 망 법(pot.)

Ⅰ. corayeyyāmi corayeyyāma coreyyāmi coreyyāma

Ⅱ. corayeyyāsi corayeyyātha coreyyāsi coreyyātha

Ⅲ. corayeyya, coraye corayeyyuṁ coreyya coreyyuṁ

어간아오리스트시제(baor.)

Ⅰ. corayiṁ corayimhā, -imha coresiṁ coresimhā, coresimha

Ⅱ. corayi corayittha coresi coresittha

Ⅲ. corayi corayuṁ, corayiṁsu coresi coresuṁ, coresiṁsu

완료시제(perf.) - 未使用

Ⅰ. [cucora] - - -

Ⅱ. [cucore] - - -

Ⅲ. [cucora] - - -

미래시제(fut.)

Ⅰ. corayissāmi corayissāma coressāmi coressāma

Ⅱ. corayissasi corayissatha coressasi coressatha

Ⅲ. corayissati corayissanti coressati coressanti

조건법(cond.)

Ⅰ. acorayissaṁ acorayissamhā acoressaṁ acoressāmhase

Ⅱ. acorayisse acorayissatha acoresse acoressavhe

Ⅲ. acorayissā acorayissaṁsu acoressā acoressiṁsu

 

 

[0-0] √as(1. to be)

√pac . .

    sg. pl. sg. pl.

현재시제(pres.)

Ⅰ. asmi, amhi asma, amha

Ⅱ. asi attha

Ⅲ. atthi santi

과거시제(impf.)

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

명 령 법(imp.)

Ⅰ. asmi, amhi asma, amha

Ⅱ. ahi attha

Ⅲ. atthu santu

원 망 법(pot.)

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

아오리스트시제(aor.)

Ⅰ. āsiṁ āsimhā, āsimha

Ⅱ. āsi āsittha

Ⅲ. āsi āsuṁ, āsiṁsu

완료시제(perf.)

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

미래시제(fut.)

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

조건법(cond.)

Ⅰ. assaṁ assāma

Ⅱ. assa assatha

Ⅲ. assa, siyā assu, siyuṁ

 

[0-0] √hū(1. to be) < √bhū(1. to be)

√pac . .

    sg. pl. sg. pl.

현재시제(pres.)

Ⅰ. homi homa

Ⅱ. hosi hotha

Ⅲ. hoti honti

과거시제(impf.)

Ⅰ. ahuva, ahuvaṁ ahuvamha, ahuvamhā

Ⅱ. ahuvo ahuvattha

Ⅲ. ahuva, ahuvā ahuvu

명 령 법(imp.)

Ⅰ. homi homa

Ⅱ. hohi homa

Ⅲ. hotu hontu

원 망 법(pot.)

Ⅰ. heyyāmi heyyāma

Ⅱ. heyyāsi heyyātha

Ⅲ. heyya heyyuṁ

아오리스트시제(aor.)

Ⅰ. ahosiṁ, ahuṁ ahosimhā, ahumhā

Ⅱ. ahosi ahosittha

Ⅲ. ahosi, ahu ahesuṁ, ahuṁ

완료시제(perf.)

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

미래시제(fut.)

Ⅰ. hemi, hehāmi, hohāmi hema, hehāma,hohāma

Ⅱ. hesi, hehisi, hohisi hetha, hehitha, hohitha

Ⅲ. heti, hehiti, hohiti henti, hehinti, hohinti

조건법(cond.)

Ⅰ.

Ⅱ.

Ⅲ.

[끝.]